The Expression of P63 Marker in Malignant and Benign Breast Tumors

This is a retrospective study conducted on Sudanese patients from January 2021 to May 2021 at the radiation and isotope center in Khartoum. In this study we aimed to determine the expression of P63 marker in malignant and benign breast tumors. One hundred paraffin-embedded blocks previously diagnosed as breast tumors were collected. The study included 65 (65%) samples of malignant and 35 (35%) benign samples. All these samples were Immunohistochemically stained by using monoclonal antibodies (by indirect streptavidin-biotin technique) for p63. All immune-stained slides were scored as either positive or negative. Data collected from patient file and results were analyzed using social science statistic web SPSS computer program.

Practical Value of Environment-friendly Sample Release Agent Combined with Ultrasound in the Preparation of Pathological Tissue Sections / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo explore the practical value of environment-friendly sample release agent combined with ultrasound in the preparation of pathological tissue sections. MethodsFrom February 2013 to December 2022， 2 518 pathological specimens submitted by Foshan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the study objects. Two samples of the same specimen were randomly divided into two groups： the environment-friendly fast group， in which the pathological tissue sections were made by using the environment-friendly sample release agent combined with ultrasound； and the traditional group， in which formaldehyde， ethanol and xylene were used to make slices in the conventional way. The differences of hematoxylin （HE） staining effect， immunohistochemistry （IHC） staining effect and MDM2 gene detection result of atypical lipomatous tumor/highly differentiated liposarcoma （ALT/WDL） tissue sections between the two groups were compared. Results① The wax of the two groups' pathological tissues was dehydrated well and the tissue hardness was moderate. After HE staining， the sections of the two groups were intact， without cracks and tremor marks， and the contrast between nucleus and cytoplasm was appropriate， with good transparency， uniform staining， and no tissue loss. The excellent rate and score of HE staining in the environmental fast group were higher than those in the traditional group， but the difference was not statistically significant （χ2 = 3.125，P1 = 0.070；t = 0.965，P2 = 0.334）. ②After IHC staining of the two groups of sections， the positive location of the cells was accurate， the staining was specific and uniform， the staining intensity was moderate， the staining sensitivity was good， and there was no tissue loss. The excellent rate of IHC staining and the positive rate of IHC staining in the environmental fast group were lower than those in the traditional group， but the difference was not statistically significant （χ12 = 2.769，P1 = 0.092；χ22 = 0.800，P2 = 0.375）. ③The background and outline of the two groups of WDL tissue sections were clear， the staining was uniform， the cells were clear and visible， the nuclear boundary was clear， the hybridization signal was clear and bright under the background fluorescence， and there was no miscellaneous signal. The two groups of sections were hybridized successfully， and MDM2 showed positive amplification. The number of cells successfully hybridized in the environment-friendly fast group was lower than that in the traditional group， but the difference was not statistically significant （t = 1.414，P = 0.230）. ConclusionsThe tissue treatment method of using environment-friendly sample release agent combined with ultrasound can ensure the detection effect of HE staining， IHC staining and MDM2 gene detection of pathological tissue sections， and is more efficient and environment-friendly， suitable for promotion and use in hospitals at all levels.

Effects of Vitamin D On Cisplatin Induced Heart and Lung Toxicity in Albino Rat

Background: While Cisplatin (CP) is a powerful DNA alkylating agent used to treat many malignancies, its clinical use is linked to a number of negative side effects. It has been proposed that vitamin D can shield biological systems against harm caused by CP. The current study’s objective was to look into how vitamin D protects the rat heart and lung against cisplatin-induced damage. Material and methods: Thirty adult male Albino rats; 180–220 g body weight were allocated into 3 groups; Group I (n=10) receiving saline, Group II (n=10); rats receiving CP (single dose of 6.5 mg/kg intraperitoneal) and Group III (n=10); receiving CP and 50 ng/kg/day alfacalcidol. Results: Alterations included a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the CP group compared with the other groups (p value for comparing between control and each other group, statistically significant at p < 0.05). Histopathologically, CP induced severe changes were observed. However, the CP-induced disturbances significantly improved by treatment with Vitamin D. Conclusion: According to this study, CP treatment significantly harmed rats’ hearts and lungs; however, treatment with vitamin D significantly lessened these harms.

Células tumorales circulantes en una paciente con sospecha clínica de mieloma múltiple / Circulating tumor cells in a patient with clinical suspicious of multiple myeloma

Introducción: La circulación de células tumorales en la sangre periférica, conocido como carcinocitemia, es un fenómeno raro y muy poco comunicado en la literatura científica y su diagnóstico diferencial puede constituir un desafío en la práctica clínica. Objetivos: Describir las causas más frecuentes de carcinocitemia, los retos diagnósticos que representa y contribuir a elevar el índice de sospecha de esta entidad. Presentación del caso: Paciente femenina de 71 años de edad que acude por dolores óseos y palidez cutánea. En el examen de sangre periférica se observa células de gran tamaño que recordaron células plasmáticas. El inmunofenotipo por citometría de flujo fue sugestivo de mieloma múltiple isotipo IgM. El ultrasonido de mamas y la tomografía de tórax mostraron lesión tumoral en la mama izquierda. El estudio inmunohistoquímico de la biopsia de médula ósea fue compatible con adenocarcinoma de mamas. La paciente falleció sin haber comenzado tratamiento específico. Conclusiones: Se presenta paciente con células circulantes tumorales secundaria a adenocarcinoma de la mama donde la inmunohistoquímica de la biopsia de médula ósea descartó el diagnóstico de mieloma múltiple sospechado clínica, radiológicamente, por la morfología celular y el inmunofenotipo(AU)

Introduction: The circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood, known as carcinocythemia is a rare and poorly documented phenomenon, that can be a challenge diagnosis. Objectives: To describe the most frequents causes of carcinocythemia, the diagnosis challenges that it represents and to contribute raising awareness of this entity. Case presentation: Female patient, 71-year-old who complained bone pain and skin pale. The peripheral blood smear showed big size cells mimicking plasma cells. The immunophenotype by flow cytometry suggested IgM isotype multiple myeloma. Breast ultrasound and thorax tomography showed a tumor in the left breast. The bone marrow biopsy immunohistochemical was compatible with adenocarcinoma of breast. The patient died short after before receive specific treatment. Conclusions: We present a patient with circulating tumor cells secondary to breast adenocarcinoma where the bone marrow biopsy immunohistochemical ruled out multiple myeloma diagnosis suspected by clinical, image studies, cell morphology and immunophenotype(AU)

Immunohistochemical Survey of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast, using ER, PR, HER2 and KI-67 biomarkers, in Uyo, Nigeria

Background: Breast's Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC), which is the commonest type of malignancy in females worldwide, can be characterized using immunohistochemistry in view of personalized cancer therapy. In this study, we aimed to determine the pattern of immunohistochemical profiles of IDC using oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor (HER2) and proliferative index (Ki-67) biomarkers in our tertiary healthcare facility in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria given the dearth of its data in our environment. Materials and methods: We carried out a retrospective hospital-based immunohistochemical study of archival IDC tissue blocks over a four- and half-year period. Using systematic random sampling method, 64 formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) IDC tissue blocks were selected for this study. We carried out immunohistochemical evaluation using ER, PR, HER2 and Ki-67 biomarkers. Subsequently, we presented the results and classification schemes as text, tables, graphs, and photomicrographs. Results: We found that the proportion of expressions were ER-negative (88.7%), PR-negative (87.3%), HER2-negative (68.3%) and Ki-67 (<20%) being 83.6% respectively. The immunohistochemical-based classification which was done using combined immunohistochemical profiles of ER/PR/HER2 and ER/PR/HER2/Ki-67 biomarkers respectively, revealed five immunohistochemical-based subtypes. These subtypes were ER-positive luminal A (ER+/±PR+/HER2-) [5.56%], ER-positive luminal B (ER+/±PR+/HER2+) [5.56%], HER2-overexpression (ER-/±PR+/HER2+) [16.66%], Triple negative (ER-/PR-/HER2-) [66.67%] and Unclassified subtypes (ER-/PR+/HER2-) [5.56%]. Furthermore, these five subtypes were further subcategorized into low (Ki-67 <20%) and high (Ki-67 ≥20%) proliferation subtypes accordingly. Conclusion: The commonest pattern of immunohistochemical profile expression of IDC in Uyo was found to be the Triple negative subtype.

Estrogen and progesterone hormone receptor status in pre-menopausal and postmenopausal women with invasive ductal carcinoma in a private tertiary hospital in Cebu City, Philippines: A retrospective study

OBJECTIVE@#This study was conducted to determine the difference of hormone receptor status between pre-menopausal and postmenopausal women diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma in the local setting. @*METHODS@#This retrospective descriptive study used data gathered from chart review of premenopausal and postmenopausal female patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma by tissue biopsy and underwent determination of hormone receptor status (estrogen and progesterone receptor) by immunohistochemical staining (ICA) using biopsy samples taken from June 2016 to December 2019 at Cebu Velez General Hospital, Cebu City. The significance of the difference in the hormone receptor status with menopausal status was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test.@*RESULTS@#Comparing the two groups, 25 (60%) of the pre-menopausal women and 37 (73%) of the post-menopausal women were determined as hormone sensitive, while 17 (40%) pre-menopausal women and 14 (27%) post-menopausal women were hormone resistant. The Fisher’s exact test did not detect a statistically significant difference in the hormone receptor status of pre-menopausal and post-menopausal breast cancer patients.@*CONCLUSION@#There is no significant difference on the hormonal receptor status among pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma. Thus, the need for hormone receptor status determination in these patients should be emphasized to aid in proper diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment planning.

Interpretation on the international consensus of the pathological diagnosis of unilateral primary aldosteronism / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Unilateral primary aldosteronism (UPA) is a common form of PA that is surgically curable by adrenalectomy of the overactive gland. Pathological evaluation of resected adrenals is crucial in the diagnosis of UPA, and its subsequent treatment and follow-up as well. Histomorphological evaluation is the basis for the pathological diagnosis of UPA, and the wide use of aldosterone synthase immunohistochemical staining in recent years has greatly improved the pathological diagnosis of UPA. However, there is a lack of standardized nomenclature and diagnostic criteria. Therefore, consensus on the histopathologic diagnosis of UPA were developed by an international group of pathologists led by Tracy Ann Williams, and published in J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2021. This article will elaborates on the key points in the consensus to advance the understanding and overall improve clinical mangement of UPA.

Immunohistochemical Markers in the Differential Diagnosis of Melanoma and Nevus in Humans

SUMMARY: Immunohistochemistry allows in situ detection of cell and extracellular components through specific antibodies. The objective was to compare the immunohistochemical expression patterns of the S-100, HMB-45 and MART-1 proteins for differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma and melanocytic nevus in human skin biopsies. Thirty-nine biopsies of human tissue were used. They were divided into two groups: 19 in malignant melanoma and 20 in melanocytic nevi. Next, the samples were fixed with paraformaldehyde and processed following the protocol for inclusion. Then, immunohistochemical staining was performed. Finally, the histological and qualitative analysis of the samples was carried out. S-100, HMB-45, and MART-1 markers showed positive immunoreaction in melanoma biopsies. HMB-45 marker was generally present with weaker expression than S-100 and MART-1 in melanocytic nevus biopsies. No expression pattern was observed which specifically associates one or more markers with some types of histopathological diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry is fundamental in differential diagnosis of melanomas and melanocytic nevi. However, there is no antibody or set of antibodies which allows unequivocal diagnosis between melanoma and nevus. It is therefore necessary to analyze with care the expression pattern and location of the lesion using standard morphological characteristics.

RESUMEN: La inmunohistoquímica permite la detección in situ de componentes celulares y extracelulares a través de anticuerpos específicos. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue comparar los patrones de expresión inmunohistoquímica de las proteínas S-100, HMB-45 y MART-1 para el diagnóstico diferencial de melanoma maligno y nevo melanocítico en biopsias de piel humana. Se utilizaron treinta y nueve biopsias de tejido humano, las que fueron divididas en dos grupos: 19 en melanoma maligno y 20 en nevos melanocíticos. A continuación, las muestras se fijaron con paraformaldehído y se procesaron siguiendo el protocolo convencional para su inclusión. Luego, se realizó la tinción inmunohistoquímica. Finalmente, se realizó el análisis histológico y cualitativo de las muestras. Los marcadores S-100, HMB- 45 y MART-1 mostraron inmunorreacción positiva en biopsias de melanoma. El marcador HMB-45 estuvo generalmente presente con una expresión más débil que S-100 y MART-1 en biopsias de nevo melanocítico. No se observó ningún patrón de expresión que asocie específicamente uno o más marcadores con algunos tipos de diagnóstico histopatológico. La inmunohistoquímica es fundamental en el diagnóstico diferencial de melanomas y nevos melanocíticos. Sin embargo, no existe ningún anticuerpo o panel de anticuerpos que permita un diagnóstico inequívoco entre el melanoma y el nevo. Por tanto, es necesario analizar con cuidado el patrón de expresión y la localización de la lesión utilizando características morfológicas estándar.

Correlation Study on Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#The treatment mode of lung cancer is epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) as a first-line treatment for patients with EGFR mutant in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). At the same time programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors therapy as the representative immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has a significant effect in the treatment of lung cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in NSCLC and clinicopathologic feature, EGFR gene mutation.@*METHODS@#The protein expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was detected by immunohistochemistry from 127 patients with NSCLC and EGFR gene mutation was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to analyze its relation with clinicopathologic feature. Also, the correlation between protein expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 and EGFR mutation.@*RESULTS@#The PD-1 positive expression in NSCLC tumor cells and tumor infiltrating immune cells is 53.5% (68/127), PD-L1 is 57.5% (73/127). The PD-1 and PD-L1 expression significantly higher in well-differentiated and moderately-differentiated carcinoma than poorly differentiated carcinoma, I+II than III+IV in clinical staging (P<0.05). The EGFR mutation rate was 46.5% (59/127), correlate with female, without smoking history, adenocarcinoma and well-differentiated and moderately-differentiated patients respectively higher than male, smoking history, squamous carcinoma and poorly differentiated patients (P<0.05). The protein expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 had the consistency in NSCLC patients (kappa=0.107,5, P=0.487). There was a negative correlation between the EGFR mutation and PD-1 and PD-L1 expression (Φ=-0.209, Φ=-0.221, P<0.05). Follow-up of NSCLC patients, the median total survival in under the age of 65, adenocarcinoma, well-differentiated and moderately-differentiated, with PD-L1 expression patients respectively higher than over the age of 65, squamous carcinoma, poorly differentiated, without PD-L1 expression patients (P<0.05). The median survival of hypo expression patients of PD-L1 significantly higher than hyper expression patient (P=0.04).@*CONCLUSIONS@#According to the Chinese Expert Consensus on Standards of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry testing for NSCLC, we tested the PD-L1 expression in NSCLC and then the dominant population of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment was screened out. Patients with EGFR mutation were also detected and EGFR mutation was negatively correlated with the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 as well. On the basis of PD-L1 expression and EGFR mutation status, it may benefit NSCLC patients from individualized treatment. Meanwhile, patients who were under the age of 65, adenocarcinoma, well-differentiated and moderately-differentiated, hypo expression of PD-L1 have a relatively good prognosis, to provide reference for the prognosis evaluation of NSCLC.

Leishmania infantum in the reproductive organs of dogs / Leishmania infantum em órgãos reprodutivos de cães

ABSTRACT: Leishmania infantum causes canine leishmaniasis. Using parasitological and molecular analyses, we identified L. infantum in the reproductive organs of male and female dogs. Using histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and PCR, we examined tissue samples from the reproductive organs of 8 male dogs and 16 female dogs diagnosed with leishmaniasis. Despite the absence of macroscopic or microscopic lesions in these organs, we observed L. infantum amastigotes in tissue samples from the testis and the uterus. PCR and sequencing of these tissues revealed sequences that matched 100% with L. infantum DNA available at GenBank. The presence of L. infantum amastigotes and DNA in testicular and uterine tissue samples suggested that these organs can harbor the parasite without associated macroscopic or microscopic lesions, and this can be especially important in the vertical and venereal transmission of leishmaniasis in dogs.

RESUMO: Leishmania infantum é agente etiológico da leishmaniose canina. Por meio de análises parasitológicas e moleculares, a presença do parasita foi investigada em órgãos reprodutivos de cães machos e fêmeas. Amostras de tecidos dos órgãos reprodutivos de 8 cães machos e 16 fêmeas diagnosticados com leishmaniose foram avaliadas por histoquímica, imunohistoquímica e PCR. Apesar de não terem sido observadas lesões macroscópicas ou microscópicas nos órgãos reprodutivos desses cães, formas amastigotas de L. infantum foram observadas em amostras teciduais do testículo e útero. A PCR e o sequenciamento do DNA extraído desses tecidos revelaram sequências 100% idênticas a L. infantum depositadas no GenBank. Nossos resultados sugerem que os testículos e o útero podem abrigar o parasita, sem associação com lesões macroscópicas ou microscópicas, o que pode ter uma grande importância na transmissão venérea e vertical da leishmaniose entre cães.

Expression of abnormal spindle-likemicrocephaly-associated in hepatocellular carcinoma and its prognostic relationship after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore the expression of abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated (ASPM) in liver cancer tissues and clarify its prognostic relationship with clinicopathological features of liver cancer after liver transplantation.Methods:Immunohistochemistry was employed for detecting the expression of ASPM in 72 liver cancer tissues and 36 adjacent tissues of liver cancer liver transplant recipients fulfilling the Hangzhou criterion. In conjunctions with clinicopathological data, the correlation between the expression level of ASPM in liver cancer tissues and the clinicopathological characteristics and the post-transplantation prognosis for liver cancer were statistically analyzed.Results:During a median follow-up period of 29 months, 20 patients relapsed and 8 died after transplantation. Immunohistochemical results indicated that the high-expression rates of ASPM were 58.3% and 25.0% in liver cancer and adjacent tissues ( P=0.001). The difference was statistically significant. The high-expression rate of ASPM was significantly higher in liver cancer tissues than that in adjacent tissues. The expression level of ASPM was not correlated with gender, age, smoking/alcoholic history, hepatitis history, preoperative level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), tumor size, tumor load or vascular tumor thrombus ( P>0.05). And the postoperative high-expression rates of ASPM were 51.0% and 76.2% in pathological differentiation type Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ-Ⅳ groups ( P=0.049). The difference was statistically significant. The wrose pathological differentiation type of liver cancer, the higher expression level of ASPM in liver cancer tissue. In liver cancer tissues, the overall 1/3/5-year survival rates of ASPM high/low-expression group were 97.6%, 80.6%, 80.6% and 93.3%, 89.7% and 89.7% respectively ( P>0.05). There was no statistical significance. And 1/3/5-year long-term disease-free survival rates were 78.6%, 55.5%, 55.5% and 86.3%, 86.3% and 86.3% respectively ( P=0.036). The difference was statistically significant. The disease-free survival rate was lower in ASPM high-expression group and post-transplantation prognosis was worse. Conclusions:The expression of ASPM is significantly higher in liver cancer tissues than that in adjacent tissues. And the expression level of ASPM in liver cancer tissues is correlated with pathological differentiation types of liver cancer and has an impact on tumor-free survival of patients after liver transplantation for liver cancer.

The value of dual-layer detector spectral CT in evaluation of immunohistochemical expression in breast cancer patients / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of dual-layer detector spectral CT in preoperative evaluation of immunohistochemical expression levels in breast cancer patients.Methods:The clinical, pathological and imaging data of breast cancer patients who received preoperative spectral CT chest scan in Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from October 2020 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 70 patients were divided into positive or negative estrogen receptor (ER) group, positive or negative progesterone receptor (PR) group, positive or negative human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) group, and positive or negative Ki-67 group according to the immunohistochemistry. Philips workstation and Special Diagnostic Suite software were used for processing and analysis. The CT value and iodine concentration value (IC) of the lesion and the effective atomic number (Z eff) of the lesion in the arterial and venous phases were measured, and the standardized CT value (NCT), standardized iodine concentration value (NIC), slope (K) of the keV-CT value curve in the arterial and venous phases as well as the CT difference and the IC difference in the arteriovenous phase were calculated. Independent sample t test was used to compare the differences in spectral parameters between patients with positive and negative immunohistochemical parameters, and ROC curve was used to analyze the efficacy of spectral parameters in the differential diagnosis of positive and negative different immunohistochemical parameters. Results:Z eff, NIC, K value, CT value, IC value of arterial and venous phase and NCT value of venous phase in negative ER group were higher than those in positive ER group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Z eff, NIC, K value, IC, CT difference in arteriovenous phase and IC difference in arteriovenous phase in positive HER2 group were higher than those in negative HER2 patients, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The arterial K value in positive Ki-67 group was higher than that in negative Ki-67 group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Taking arterial phase K value of 1.22 as the diagnostic threshold, it had the highest diagnostic efficiency in differential diagnosis of ER positivity versus negativity (area under curve of 0.791, sensitivity of 84.00%, specificity of 65.00%). Taking the arteriovenous phase IC difference of 0.47 mg/ml as the diagnostic threshold, it had the highest performance in differential diagnosis of HER2 positivity versus negativity (area under curve of 0.736, sensitivity of 76.32%, specificity of 65.62%). Conclusion:Dual-layer detector spectral CT has certain diagnostic value for the immunohistochemical expression of breast cancer patients, which can provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Investigation of the Effects of Glutens on Serum Interleukin-1 Beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels and the Immunohistochemical Distribution of CD3 and CD8 Receptors in the Small Intestine in Male Rats

Abstract While the role of cytokines in celiac disease has been investigated in detail, cytokine release in the event of the exposure of healthy subjects to glutens has only recently been studied. This study was aimed at determining the effects of corn and wheat glutens, incorporated as protein sources into the diet, on serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels and the immunohistochemical distribution of CD3 and CD8 receptors in the small intestine in male rats. The study material comprised 24 twenty-day-old male Wistar albino rats, which were randomly assigned in equal numbers to three groups (2 rats/replicate and 4 replicates/group). The feed rations provided to all three groups contained high levels of proteins, which were soybean meal, corn gluten and wheat gluten in the control, corn and wheat groups, respectively. The in Control, Corn and Wheat groups serum IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha levels respectively 55.83 - 46.37; 81.65 - 61.95 and 81.65-61.31 was determined but these differences were statistically insignificant. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a mathematical increase to have occurred in the distribution of the CD3 and CD8 receptors in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum samples of the corn and wheat groups. In result, based on the findings obtained in this study, we suggest that the long-term feeding of rats on high levels of gluten causes systemic adverse effects.

Expresión inmunohistoquímica de la proteína de membrana asociada a lisosomas en ameloblastos de ratones

Introducción: La formación del esmalte dental comprenden cambios morfofuncionales de los ameloblastos. Estas modificaciones involucran la participación activa de organelas celulares, entre ellas los lisosomas. Objetivo: Identificar la distribución de la proteína de membrana asociada a lisosomas en los ameloblastos. Materiales y métodos: Incisivos en crecimiento continuo de ratones con edades de 7, 14 días y células epiteliales dentales de rata fueron utilizadas para identificar la proteína de membrana asociada a lisosomas tipo 1 (Lamp1) mediante la técnica de inmunohistoquímica. Resultados: Un marcaje citoplasmático de Lamp1 fue identificado en las células ameloblásticas durante todas las etapas del proceso de diferenciación de los ameloblastos, independientemente de sus edades. Lamp1 también fue detectado en las células epiteliales dentales. Conclusiones: Se evidencia la expresión de Lamp1 en los ameloblastos en incisivos de crecimiento continuo y células epiteliales dentales de rata. Próximos estudios deberían abordar el rol funcional de Lamp1 en la formación del esmalte.

Introduction: Tooth enamel formation includes morphological changes in ameloblasts. These modifications involve the active participation of cellular organelles, including lysosomes. Objective: To identify the lysosomal membrane protein distribution in ameloblasts. Materials and method: The lysosomal membrane protein type 1 (Lamp 1) was identified in continuous growth incisor from mice (7, 14 days old) and epithelial rat's cells using the immunohistochemistry technic. Results: A cytoplasmic Lamp 1 marker was identified in ameloblast cells during all the stages of the process, no matter the age. Lamp 1 was detected, too, in the epithelial dental cells. Conclusion: It is evident the expression of Lamp 1 in ameloblasts of continuous growth incisor and epithelial dental rat's cells. Next studies must be done about the functional role of Lamp 1 in tooth enamel formation.

The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Features in the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Solitarysplenicmetastasis is extremelyrarewithfewreportedcases in literature. Currentstudyreportsthecase of a 74-year-old, femalepatientwhowasdiagnosedisolatedspleenmetastasisafterlungadenocarcinoma, in thepostoperativecourse. Shepresentedwiththeincidentaldetection of nodularliverandcentralspleniclesions in a follow-upabdominalcomputedtomography (CT) scanafter 5 yearsfromtheleftlowerlobectomyduetolungadenocarcinoma. By MRI examination, lesion in theliverwascharacterized as cysticandthecentralspleniclesionwasfoundhavinga heterogeneoushypoechoicnodularcharacter. Tru-cutbiopsy of spleenconfirmedmetastasis of lungadenocarcinoma. Thepatientunderwentsplenectomy. Althoughliverbiopsycouldn’tdetectanymalignanttissue, lungcanceradenocarcinomametastasiswasdiagnosed in splenectomymaterial. Herein, we report a case of incidentallyfoundsolitarysplenicmetastasis, 5 yearsafterleftlobectomyforlungadenocarcinoma.44.8%. In our observations of breast MRI, the sensitivity was 97.5%, specificity 87.2%. Magnetic resonance mammography is considered a more effective method in the early diagnosis of breast cancer.Conclusion:Breast MRI is highly sensitive, specific and accurate in assessing the prevalence and differential diagnosis between a benign and malignant process

The Role Of Platelet Rich Plasma And Quercetin In Alleviating Dimethylnitrosamine-Induced Acute Spleen Injury Through Regulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation And Apoptosis

Objective: Excessive oxidative stress is implicated in spleen injury. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and quercetin (QUR) have been shown to protect cells against oxidative stress. This study was designed to investigate their effect on dimethyl nitrosamine (DMN) induced spleen injury in male rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups; Group (1): Negative control group (Con), Group (2): DMN group, DMN was given intraperitonealy at a dose of 4 mg/kg b. wt/day for four weeks for sub-chronic injury of spleen tissue, Group (3): DMN+PRP, rats were injected intraperitonealy with DMN at a dose of 4 mg/kg b. wt/day for four weeks then treated i. v. by single dose 50 μL of PRP, then left for a period of four weeks without any treatments, Group(4): DMN+QUR, rats received intraperitonealy DMN at a dose of 4 mg/kg b. wt/day for four weeks, then treated with quercetin orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg b. wt. in aqueous suspension daily using an intragastric tube for four weeks. Results: DMN inoculation resulted in significant elevations of oxidative stress, as evidenced by the increased malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and xanthine oxidase levels associated with a significant decrease in Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the spleen tissue as compared to the normal control group. Moreover, DMN caused an up-regulation in the values of the splenic C-reactive protein (CRP), interleuckin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), leukotriene-C4 (LT-C4), P53 and Fas levels with a significant decline in anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 level as compared to the normal control group. PRP and QUR significantly attenuated the DMN-evoked spleen oxidative stress and modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes as compared to DMN group. In addition, treatment of DMN group with PRP or QUR resulted in an improvement in CRP, IL-6, NF-κB, LT-C4, P53 and Fas levels as compared to DMN group. Caspase-3 expression was positive in DMN group while no difference was present in control, PRP and Quercetin groups. However, the VEGF immunopositive reaction was found in DMN, PRP and Quercetin groups compared to control group. Histopathological results showed degeneration, haemorrhage, inflammatory cells and necrotoic areas in splenic tissue from DMN group compared to the treated groups where signs of recovery were observed in the whole splenic tissue. Conclusion: These data suggest that PRP and QUR protect rat spleen from DMN-induced oxidative stress, probably via their antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. So, PRP and QUR are promising pharmacological agents for preventing the potential spleen injury of DMN following occupational or environmental exposures.

Tumor de Células de Sertoli del ovario: Reporte de un caso / Sertoli cell tumor of the ovary. A case report

RESUMEN Introducción: Los tumores de Células de Sertoli son una entidad rara, con una frecuencia de 0,2-0,5 % del cáncer de ovario. El diagnóstico inicial de este tipo de tumores es difícil, debido a las variedades histológicas que presenta y a su diferenciación. Objetivo: Demostrar el valor del completamiento del proceso diagnóstico con técnicas de inmunohistoquímica en tumores ováricos para identificar una variante rara como el tumor de Células de Sertoli. Presentación del caso: Se presenta un caso de un tumor de ovario primitivo de Células de Sertoli en una paciente de 43 años de edad, con antecedentes personales de hipotiroidismo, intervenida quirúrgicamente por un tumor sólido del ovario derecho en el Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostino Neto". En el intraoperatorio, se encontró un tumor gigante de aspecto maligno. El resultado anatomopatológico informó un tumor carcinoide típico. La paciente fue remitida al Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología, donde la inmunohistoquímica de la biopsia informó un tumor de Células de Sertoli. Actualmente la paciente se encuentra asintomática. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico anatomopatológico preciso y la inmunohistoquímica correcta son muy importantes para el manejo y tratamiento de este tipo de tumor.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sertoli cell tumors are a rare entity with an incidence of ovarian cancer of 0,2-0,5 %. The initial diagnosis of this type of tumors is difficult to make due to the histological varieties and its differentiation. Objective: To demonstrate the value of immunochemical techniques in the completion of the diagnostic process of ovarian tumors aimed at identifying a rare variant such as Sertoli cell tumor. Case presentation: A 43-year old woman with a primitive Sertoli cell tumor of the ovary is presented. The patient had personal history of hypothyroidism. She underwent surgery at "Dr. Agostinho Neto" General Teaching Hospital because she had been diagnosed with a solid tumor of the right ovary. During the intraoperative period, a giant tumor with a malignant appearance was found. The pathological result reported a typical carcinoid tumor. The patient was referred to the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology where the immunohistochemistry of the biopsy reported a Sertoli cell tumor. Currently, the patient is asymptomatic. Conclusions: The accurate pathological diagnosis and the correct immunohistochemistry are very important for the management and treatment of this type of tumor.

Rapidly progressing malignant phyllodes tumor of the prostate with normal prostate-specific antigen levels: A case report

Malignant phyllodes tumor of the prostate is a very rare entity. Here, we describe a 51-year-old patient with a malignant phyllodes tumor of the prostate with a poor prognosis and normal prostate-specific antigen levels. Digital rectal examination revealed a hard, nodular mass in the prostate, and magnetic resonance imaging exhibited a cystic mass measuring 8.7 cm × 7.0 cm × 6.7 cm. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the epithelial components were positive for CK8/18 and cytokeratin AE1/AE3; the atypical stromal cells were positive for CD34 and vimentin. Histological analysis resulted in a diagnosis of malignant phyllodes tumor of the prostate. Radical surgery was the treatment of choice. However, tumor recurrence was identified 6 months after the surgery, and the patient died 10 months after the surgery.

Expression of ASPM in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Its Relationship with Development and Prognosis / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Previous studies have shown that ASPM is a tumorigenesis associated protein, mutations in ASPM can lead to MCPH. This study mainly explores the relationship between the ASPM expression of lung adenocarcinoma and the development and prognosis of lung cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein (ASPM) in lung adenocarcinoma and the development and prognosis in lung cancer.@*METHODS@#A total of 90 cases of lung adenocarcinoma tissue specimens and 90 cases of benign pulmonary lesions were collected, the expression of ASPM was detected by immunohistochemical technique, and the expression of ASPM in 12 pairs of tissues was detected by real-time quantity polymerase chain reaction and western blot.@*RESULTS@#(1) The expression of ASPM in the tissue specimens of benign pulmonary lesions was negative while the expression level of ASPM in lung adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than lung tissue of benign pulmonary lesions (P<0.05). (2) The expression level of ASPM has no remarkable difference in lung adenocarcinoma with lymph node development and the lung cancer without lymph node development, there was no statistically significant (P<0.05). (3) The ASPM expression level in the tumor's size ≥4 cm was significantly higher than than of the size<4 cm (P<0.05). (4) Hierarchical analysis results show that T stage is related to ASPM expression level (P<0.05). (5) The high expression level of ASPM in lung adenocarcinoma was significantly positively correlated with the poor prognosis (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#(1) The expression level of ASPM in lung cancer is obviously increased and closely related to the progress of lung adenocarcinoma. (2) The expression level of ASPM in lung adenocarcinoma was significantly positively correlated with poor prognosis (P<0.05). (3) Detection of the expression level of ASPM in lung adenocarcinoma help to predict the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma in advance.

Relation among Ultrasound Findings，Clinical Significance and Expression of FosB in Invasive Breast Cancer / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】To investigate the expression of FosB in invasive breast cancer and its correlation to the ultrasound findings and clinical significance.【Methods】Immunohistochemical and ultrasound examination were performed for 155 cases with invasive breast cancer，36 cases with paracancerous tissue and 30 cases with normal breast tissue. To investigate the correlations between the different expression of FosB with histological grade ，lymph nodes，and ultrasound findings.【Results】①The expression of FosB in paracancerous tissue and normal breast tissue was higher than that in invasive breast cancer（P＜0.01）. ②Based on immunohistochemical staining，high positive expression rate of FosB was associated with low histological grade，ER positive and PR positive（P＜0.05）. There was no correlation between FosB and age，tumor diameter，lymph nodes，Her2 and clinical stages（P＞0.05）③The expression of FosB was higher in microcalcification positive and lymph nodes bigger tissues（P＜0.05）. There was no correlation between FosB and tumor size， regular shape，boundary，posterior attenuation ratio and blood flow（P＞0.05）.【Conclusion】The expression of FosB in invasive breast cancer was lower than that in paracancerous tissue and normal breast tissue. The different expression of FosB was correlated with histological grade，ER positive and PR positive. To study the expression of FosB in invasive breast cancer may be helpful for differential diagnosis and targeted treatment. The different expression of FosB was correlated with microcalcification，lymph nodes，and combined FosB with ultrasound findings may contribute to prognostic evaluation of breast cancer.